Here’s what Phil sent out to our supporters and other interested parties after our trip last week (text only, I added the photos):
Dear San Jacinto friends and colleagues,

We found a junkyard
Last week Melody McFarland, Jim Berrian, and I spent from Monday to Wednesday, 8 to 10 September at Valle Vista (just east of Hemet at the west base of the San Jacinto Mountains ), resurveying the site Harry Swarth covered from 30 August to 5 September 1908. Actually, the site we covered, along the wash of the San Jacinto River at the east end of Valle Vista, is about 2 miles northeast of the 1908 site, which is now covered by orange orchards and the concrete-lined channel of Bautista Creek.
We selected it as a surrogate, as it supports the only remaining alluvial scrub at the same elevation in the general area. It has been designated for conservation as open space and wildlife habitat. It is under the jurisdiction of the Eastern Municipal Water District, and we thank Joe Lewis, Director of Engineering Services, for authorization and access to cover this site.
This visit was focused on birds and invertebrates; intensive surveys of mammals and reptiles will come on a subsequent visit when more of our team is able to participate. But we wanted one survey to correspond in time as closely as possible to the time of Harry Swarth’s visit in 1908. Like Harry Swarth, we experienced the “blistering heat” of which he complained (what do you expect in Hemet in late summer?!), but at least we did not endure the dust storms that afflicted him in 1908.

Mockingbird
Ken Weaver also covered the site on the morning of 9 August 2008, and his results are tabulated with last week’s in the attached spreadsheet.
By early September many birds are in fall migration, bringing an additional element of chance to our encounters and complicating the comparison of 1908 versus 2008. But it seems clear that the changes at Valle Vista are nearly as great as those we observed at Banning. Harry Swarth identified 31 species of birds at Valle Vista, and we could not find 12 of these (39%) in 2008. Most notable among these are 7 summer visitors or year-round residents that should have been found with the amount of effort we put in if they were present: the Burrowing Owl, Lesser Nighthawk, Ladder-backed Woodpecker, Loggerhead Shrike, Cactus Wren, Black-throated Sparrow, and Sage Sparrow. I think it is nearly certain that all of these are extirpated from the area.
The Valle Vista site is interesting because it originally hosted a subset of what I am calling the “Aguanga fauna.” That is, species of characteristically desert

green lynx spider
distribution that have an isolated population on the west side of the mountains, centered at Aguanga just north of Temecula Creek in south-central Riverside County. Of birds these include (among others not reported from Valle Vista) the Ladder-backed Woodpecker and Black-throated Sparrow, of mammals the White-tailed Antelope Squirrel, and of reptiles the Zebra-tailed Lizard and Long-nosed Leopard Lizard. Because the 1908 expedition did not extend south to Aguanga this biogeographically interesting region has gone underappreciated over the last century, and it has been questioned whether the birds were resident in the area or just postbreeding dispersers. Ken Weaver has been studying the Aguanga region and is finalizing a paper on the area’s birds.
Our striking finding at Valle Vista for 2008 is that none of the “Aguanga fauna” may still survive at Valle Vista. We hope to find some on future visits, but the Ladder-backed Woodpecker, Black-throated Sparrow, Zebra-tailed Lizard, and

Western toad
White-tailed Antelope Squirrel, at least, should have been seen easily in 4 days if present. In 1908 Harry Swarth commented on the importance of cactus fruit, noting that the four antelope squirrels he collected were stained inside and out with juice of the fruit. In 2008, prickly pear cacti were sparse, low, and not looking very healthy; I saw only one fruit, already nearly dried up. So an important component of the ecosystem may no longer be functioning. The decline of cactus undoubtedly contributed to the disappearance of the Cactus Wren too. Similarly, Harry Swarth commented on yucca pods as a food source in 1908; in 2008 yuccas too (both schidigera and whipplei) were few and unimpressive, lacking fruit.

Bewick's wren
A couple of other characteristically arid-country species were barely present in 2008. In 1908, the California Gnatcatcher “was one of the most abundant species” at Valle Vista; in 2008, Ken Weaver found just one on 9 August and we found none from 8 to 10 September. In 1908 Brewer’s Sparrow was “fairly common,” with 3 specimens collected; in 2008 I saw just a single individual each on 9 and 10 September. It’s not clear in what role Brewer’s Sparrow occurs at this site; most likely it is just a migrant, but a few years ago Bob McKernan found it nesting not far away at Winchester.

cucumber beetle
The message seems to be that when enough species are extirpated from a site interesting biogeographic patterns can be threatened with extirpation as well. And in spite of the desertification of the climate, it is the seemingly desert-adapted species that have suffered the most in this case. Ken Weaver reports that all the species of the “Aguanga fauna” now missing at Valle Vista still survive at Aguanga, highlighting the conservation importance of that area.
On the plus side, we saw 35 species of birds Harry Swarth missed in 1908, more than doubling the list for Valle Vista. Among these are many of the usual suspects, the Red-shouldered Hawk, Anna’s Hummingbird, Nuttall’s Woodpecker, Black Phoebe, Cassin’s Kingbird, American Crow, and Common Raven, not to mention the introduced House Sparrow, European Starling, Domestic Pigeon, and Eurasian Collared Dove. In some cases local conditions at the site clearly contributed: the proliferation of the tree tobacco is providing nectar for 3 species of hummingbirds in 2008; Harry Swarth noted no hummingbirds at Valle Vista in 1908. The percolation basins in the floodplain, dry in late summer, are grown up now with thickets of sunflowers, providing a bonanza of seeds for the American and Lesser Goldfinches; Harry Swarth noted no goldfinches at Valle Vista in 1908.
To me the most interesting addition among birds was the Rufous-crowned Sparrow. Along with Snow Creek and Banning, Valle Vista makes the third site at which we have found this sedentary species missed completely in 1908. Yet Harry Swarth found and collected them less than two weeks after leaving Valle Vista, in the Santa Ana Mountains on the opposite side of the San Jacinto Plain. I suspect that the species has spread, aided at least by fires in the San Gorgonio Pass.
We were disappointed by the low diversity of reptiles, especially as Jim Berrian is an experienced herpetologist. But I hope you enjoy Melody McFarland’s photo of the Red Diamond Rattlesnake, a species missed at Valle Vista in 1908. The site is riddled by abundant rodent burrows, so it is likely to be interesting when our mammalogists are able to work here. The seasonal flow of the San Jacinto River leaves dried mud, especially in the percolation basins, that is great for prints, so a tracker better than I should be able to identify from them species beyond the raccoon that I could confirm. In any case, we look forward to future visits to this site, important as the only 1908 site at a low elevation at the west base of the San Jacinto Mountains.

honeybee
Thanks very much again to Joe Lewis for authorizing us, to Karin Cleary-Rose for her advice in this area and suggesting the site we covered as a logical surrogate site, to Ken Weaver for his help and knowledge of this area, and to Melody and Jim for their help in the field.
The Valle Vista trip was our last of the summer; the next will be to Little Paradise in Palm Canyon in the third week of November, beginning our winter surveys.
Thanks for your interest in our study.